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The Newcastle region is the second most populous in the Australian state of New South Wales. It encompasses the local government districts of Newcastle and Lake Macquarie. Newcastle is known for its coal, and it is the world's most significant coal exporting port. Newcastle is near the Hunter River's mouth, and it is New South Wales' second-largest city and Australia's sixth-largest.

It is situated in the central-eastern portion of the Sydney Basin geologically. The Newcastle metropolitan area comprises most of the Newcastle LGA, a significant section of the Lake Macquarie LGA, and Fern Bay, a southern suburb of Port Stephens Council. Newcastle has a population of 155,411 people, according to the 2016 census.

Living in Newcastle Newcastle is the 'gateway to the Hunter Valley,' unquestionably the region's economic, administrative, and industrial hub. It boasts several beaches, a Victorian architectural legacy, a fascinating early convict past, and great restaurants. It has had to reinvent itself in the last two decades, historically a coal and steel town. It is now a sophisticated metropolis with an attractive and renovated harbour frontage (with plenty of eateries and boardwalks) and enough activities to keep a tourist occupied for at least a week. The Famous Tram, the Boat Port, and the Newcastle Museum are all located around the harbour.

You can find famous lighthouses and beaches along the coast. The Greater Newcastle Area also has historic buildings, reserves, and parklands. The Black Duck Picnic Place, located at the southern end of Carnley Avenue, is the best leisure area, with a wide, open grass ideal for children's play.

History of Newcastle A convict colony was founded on the Hunter River in 1804 to utilise the Hunter Valley's coal resources. It was first known as Coal River, then Kingstown, and finally, in a nod to the renowned coal port in the north of England, Newcastle. Governor King made the first formal mention to Newcastle in 1804. The Awabakal and Worimi Aborigines inhabited the region before the advent of Europeans.

Although the town remained tiny, it began to grow. The convict colony came to an end in 1822. The 1850s had formed the city's industrial foundation, and the commercial sector had started to develop. During the 1880s, there was a boom in the construction of large buildings. The city has a significant Victorian architectural history today.